Introduction to Electromagnetic Wave Applications

Date: 25 March 2026
Location: UTAR Kampar, Block E, EDK2
Lead Staff: Ir. Dr. Yeap Kim Ho

Prof. Hirokazu Kobayashi is a well-established academic in electromagnetic wave engineering, with expertise in antenna design, phased array systems, and radar technologies. Affiliated with Osaka Institute of Technology, he has made significant contributions to microwave systems, radar imaging, and array signal processing, including the development of high-frequency radar and advanced antenna systems.

This lecture marked his second visit to FEGT since 2019.

The session began with an overview of electromagnetic (EM) wave fundamentals, particularly radio wave theory and Array Factor (AF). Key wave behaviors such as reflection, diffraction, and scattering were explained using relatable examples like rainbows and ocean waves. Basic concepts of wave polarization and radiation were also introduced.

The lecture then moved to antenna fundamentals, highlighting their role in transmitting and receiving EM waves, along with key performance metrics such as gain and directivity. The Doppler effect was discussed through practical examples involving helicopters and aircraft, alongside radar cross section (RCS) analysis. A comparison was also made with biological radar systems observed in bats.

Further topics included radar systems, with emphasis on a 90 GHz FMCW radar and the role of RCS in detection. The concept of array factor was applied to antenna arrays and phased array systems, demonstrating electronic beam steering capabilities.

The lecture concluded with applications such as microwave imaging, material permittivity estimation, and future developments, including future work on drone-based bistatic radar for landmine detection.

Overall, the lecture provided a concise overview of EM wave theory and its practical applications in modern radar and antenna systems.